"Making Horse Calls"

 
Kathy Sutton
3297 Valley Dr.
Helena, MT 59602
406.459.8081







  Eastern Theology joins Western Technology
 
 
** Human & Equine Light Therapy **

Pain-X-2000

PAIN-X-2000 The New Generation of Therapy
The Only Patented Polychromatic Infrared Therapy Device

The use of monochromatic low intensity infrared laser and LED diodes have been promoted in several countries for many years as an effective treatment for arthritis, soft tissue injuries and pain. Infrared Diode Therapy has been used as a monochromatic device since around 1060. It was not until 1998 that PAIN-X-2000 - Polychromatic Infrared Diode Therapy was developed and first used in the United States.
It is becoming increasingly rare to find a physiotherapy department or clinic without access to this modality. There still seems to be some skepticism regarding this type of therapy, even though PAIN-X-2000 Polychromatic Devices are being used by Medical Doctors, Nurses, Veterinarians, Equine Therapists, Chiropractors, Anesthesiologists, Dentists, Massage Therapists, Physical Therapist, and many more. More and more publications within the medical and scientific community attest to the clinical usefulness of these devices and their many biological effects upon the cells.
Many conditions of pain and inflammation arise in humans and animals due to the stress of training and performance. Often these conditions require the help of you Medical Doctor or Veterinarian. However, traditional Medical therapies may need adjunctive therapies to provide for the long term resolution of the problem. It has been found the PAIN-X-2000 can provide a complete and lasting resolution of many human and equine problems when it is coupled with medical or veterinary diagnosis.
Medical Doctors, Veterinarians, Equine Therapists,, Horse Owners, and etc. are beginning to realize the benefits of this non-invasive tool. Many are using the PAIN-X-2000 for the resolution of sports related and accidental injuries in horses and human, and as well as many other uses.
I am confident if you use the PAIN-X-2000 Polychromatic Device, you will gain significant benefits, not only from your increased knowledge, but from helping you and/or animals to be at peak health and performance.
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Light Therapy
Human Information

In a rapidly developing technological workplace, our bodies simply cannot maintain the pace of high demand machines or repetitive motion. This daily effect of very fast forceful and seemingly harmless movements of the shoulders, elbows, wrists and hands, from operating computers, to meat cutting, to assembling automobiles, to packaging handling adversely affects workers and industry worldwide.
As the demands of the productivity increase, so too do the physical demands placed on the individual. This leads to stressed muscles and tendons pushed far beyond their intended limits, resulting in disorders commonly know as Repetitive Stress Injury or RSI.
A very common RSI problem is Carpal Tunnel Syndrome or CTS. In industry worldwide, CTS has a major financial impact resulting in millions of lost dollars.
Virtually all light has some penetration properties; however, it is often absorbed by the outermost skin layers. Traditional thermal (hot) laser light, on the other hand, can penetrate but often destroys tissue. Since damaged cells benefit from light, the objective was to develop a non-thermal and non-destructive deep tissue delivery vehicle - hence PAIN-X-2000.
Once delivered, the light energy promotes the process of photobiostimulation. The positive effect of photobiostimulation on animal cells is analogous to photosynthesis in plant cells, whereby a chain of chemical reactions are set in motion. In human tissue the resulting photochemical reaction produces an increase in the cellular metabolism rate which expedites cell repair and the stimulation of the immune, lymphatic and vascular systems. The net result, observed in clinical trials to date, is the apparent reduction in pain, inflammation, edema and an overall reduction in healing time.
Use PAIN-X-2000 as soon as possible after injury occurs, treat daily for acute conditions and less frequently as resolution occurs. Treat chronic inflammatory conditions twice weekly and osteo-arthritis weekly. Treat as many points during one session, do not move the light unit during each application.
Use transparent thin film (cling-film) over ulcers, pressure sores and wounds and without causing undue pain, maintain contact with the site being treated. Clean light unit after use with wipe.
There are normally no adverse effects from PAIN-X-2000 Therapy, however, patients occasionally experience a mild discomfort after treatment (this is due to a restimulation of the inflammatory phase) and should settle down after 24-48 hours. This is also known as a healing crisis. Basically this is an area that the body had learned to ignore because of the pain and you are now increasing the body's awareness to this area again.
PAIN-X-2000 is also effective in relieving pain and disability in degenerative osteo-arthritis of the knee.
Degenerative osteo-arthritis (DOA) is the most common rheumatic disorder of man and causes pain and disability especially in elderly people. Autopsy surveys show that degenerative changes in joints begin as early as the second decade of life. Roentgenographic studies conducted in the United States showed oste-arthritic changes in 4 % of persons under 24 years of age and 85% at 75-79 years of age. Symptomatic manifestations of osteo-arthritis increase with age, reflecting disease changes that begin in early life and progress slowly over a period of many decades.
Pain relief is the most important goal in management of DOA. To provide optimal analgesic care the attempt should be individualized. Attention must be pain to the pharmacokinetis and pharmacodymanics of drugs in the elderly, especially interactions with medications and adverse effects of concomitant diseases. 
Principles of phototherapy were established at the end of the nineteenth century by NR Fineness, a Nobel prize winner, for application of light treatment of psoriases, kemicterus, and as photodynamic therapy (POT) in the treatment of cancer. Phototherapy was advanced with introduction of laser treatment, initially in surgery. The development of the infrared (830 nm) gallium-aluminum-arsenide and the red (633nm) helium-neon low power laser, introduced phototherapy in would healing and analgesia. Many investigators have described successful pain treatment in a variety of diseases.
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of red & infrared light emitters on pain relief, functional disability and sparing analgesic drug therapy in elderly patients with DOA if the knee.
Discussion:
The red and infrared treated groups showed significant improvement in functional disability, more than 40%, perhaps due to the reduction in pain intensity and possibly also contributed to by a direct effect of phototherapy on knee mobility. The placebo-treated patients did not show significant functional improvement, and the observed slight improvement (75) probably reflected a placebo effect (use of the emitters).
In conclusion, this study showed that short-time application of phototherpay is effective in pain relief and in improvement of functional ability in elderly patients with DOA. Thus, phototherapy can be an important adjunct in the treatment of disease, especially in patients with adverse side effects to drug treatment. Our personal experience suggests that phototherapy can be used conjointly with analgesics to reduce their dosage. These encouraging resolute might prompt further, long-term studies to validate this treatment and to establish more detailed indications for the use of phototherapy in DOA.
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LOW INTENSITY LASER THERAPY (LILT) FOR HAND, NECK AND FACIAL PAIN
Professor P.F. Brandley

University College Hospital, London UK
METHOD
Employs lasers which are compact and low priced because they use diode technology. The two most frequently used modalities are - 
1. Near Infra Red Gallium Aluminum Arsenide 820am
This is the most widely applicable wavelength due to its deep penetration in tissue.
2. Visible Red Helium Neion 632.8nm or Diode 660nm
This is evidence that red light is well absorbed by chromophores in nerve tissue and epithelium particularly, although its penetration is less than near infrared. Commonly used pulsed in acupuncture techniques.
Mechanisms of Pain Relief
There is experimental evidence for:
a.) Effects on nerve changes in sodium potassium ATP have been reported and microneurongraphy has demonstrated damping action of fine non myelinated fibers.
b.) Energistation of depleted enzymes. e.g. super-oxide dysmutase.
c.) Elevation of endorphin levels have been reported after treatment of trigger zones in muscles.
HEAD AND NECK CLINICAL APPLICATION 
LILT is proving useful in a wide variety of painful conditions in the Head and Neck but the following are particular application:
l. TM Joint Pain Disjunction
In acute conditions (less than eight weeks duration) it may be the sole treatment. In more chronic cases without bone changes on x-rays, it is a useful adjunct to other therapy e.g. splints. In osteo-arthritic cases it can be as effective as infra-articula steroid.
2. Post Herpetic Neuralgia
LILT has been shown to be effective in double blind cross over studies.
3. Trigeminal Neuralgia
LILT can be useful in reducing dose requirements for patients of Carbemazapine.
4. Painful Ulcerative Conditions
The inflammatory stage of the ulcer is materially shortened with concomitant pain relief.
5. Pain of Advanced Oro Facial Cancer
Initial work shows that LILT can be affective in palliative regimens and may allow reduction of opiate dosage.
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The Following Conditions Have Been Reported To Have Been Helped By Low Level Photon TherapyWound Management (see NASA Studies Report)
Ulcers
Pressure Sores
Post Operative
Infected Wounds and Ulcers
Skin Conditions
Acne Eczema
Burns, Herpes Simplex
Cuts, Grazes, Warts & Verruce
Soft Tissue Injuries
Heamatomas
Sprains & Strains
Acute Back & Neck
Joint Conditions
OA - Tendonitis, Tenosynovitis
RA - Capsultitis, Bursitis
C.M.P. - S.I. Joint Strains
   Joint Fractures
Small Bone
Non Union
Chronic Pain
Trigeminal Neuralgia
Bronchial Neuralgia
Plantar Fascitis
Post Herpetic Neuralgiz
Chronic Neck & Back
Metatarsalgia
Acupuncture
Dentistry
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Real Life Stories from People like yourself who have relieved their pain with the use of PAIN-X-2000.
"I was in a car accident several years ago and as a result have lived with neck pain since. I have been taking prescription drugs, tried physical therapy, etc. all of which took time and a lot of money. I had decided I am probably just going to have to live with the constant pain. Then one day a friend told me about the "PAIN-X-2000". I figured what have I got to lose with a money back guarantee I'll try anything. Even while I was still using the PAIN-X-2000 I could feel the pain leaving my body. By the time I was finished with my first treatment the pain was gone. I am just writing to say thank you very much for inventing such a wonderful product. I will be ordering more for Christmas presents for my entire family."
D.O. Waldo, Florida Dental Assistant" I am amazed at what the PAIN-X-2000 has done for my pain. I woke up one morning with terrible ankle pain, I could not even walk. I was going to visit the doctor the next day if the pain was still there. I had recently purchased the PAIN-X-2000 and have to admit I was a little skeptical. I used the PAIN-X-2000 that evening and the pain just disappeared. In the past I have tried various treatment for pain including drugs, stimulators and therapy , but the PAIN-X-2000 is the only product that gave me immediate relief. Thank you so much for your fantastic product. I am recommending it to all of my friends."
E.E. Ulysses, Kansas"I have had bone spurs on the heels of my feet for several years. My doctor prescribed shoe supports, ice therapy, etc. with little or not results. Since using the PAIN-X-2000 my pain has finally been relieved. I can once again enjoy my morning walks pain free. My friends are all asking me how to get the PAIN-X-2000 to relieve their discomforts."
N. Ford, F. Lauderdale, Florida
"My job as a dental hygienist causes me a lot of back pain. I tried massage therapy, injections and of course drugs and nothing seemed to really help. I decided to try the PAIN-X-2000. It was unbelievable, the pain was relieved on the very first treatment. after using it a few times I very rarely need to use it on my back but I keep it at work with me all the time. I found it also works great for carpal tunnel syndrome which is another problem many dental professionals have. I truly believe this product will be the major pain reliever of the next century. It is the only product I've found that will actually give me instant relief and long lasting relief. I would recommends this product to anyone. What have they got to lose with a money back guarantee"
M. Wilder, Gainesville, Florida, Dental Hygienist, L.P.N."A friend loaned me a PAIN-X-2000 to try out a few days. I always try every new product myself before I will use it on my patients. I took the PAIN-X-2000 home that night and used it on my tennis elbow pain. It was amazing after only a few minutes of treatment my pain was completely gone and as of two weeks later the pain has not returned. About a week later I had a sore spot on my leg and could hardly walk without pain. I used the PAIN-X-2000 for about a minute and the swelling went down immediately and the pain was gone. I had another doctor in my office at the time and she could hardly believe what she witnessed. I feel this is one of the most important development in pain relief that I have seen for quite some time. If you are developing a professional model for use by physicians, I will definitely want one for my office."
W.C. Gainesville, Florida, Chiropractor"I have used my PAIN-X-2000 in my practice to treat patients with TMJ (Jaw Pain). Sometimes these patients cannot even open their mouth enough for us to work on their teeth. Since I have been using the PAIN-X-2000 my patients can not only open their mouths farther but it also relieves their pain associated with this problem. You have a wonderful product, keep up the good work. PS. It also works great on my back pain. Send me one of your professional models C.O.D. when you come out with them."
Dr. I.W. Gainesville, Florida, DentistExcerpt from a study conducted by Dr. Kevin Moore, Dept of Anesthesia, the Royal Olkham Hospital, Oldham, OI "The immediate or primary effect is a local tissue response to direct irradiation and comprises increased vasodilatation with increased circulatory flow: enhanced lymphatic drainage; increased neutrophil, macrophage and fibroblast activity; and im0proved metabolic function in depressed or damaged cells.Don't let pain ruin you health and happiness............                   
So many have turned to so called pain relieving drugs and gadgets and gimmicks to relieve pain, only to be disappointed by their effectiveness. Some of these drugs may help slightly but what about the side effects? Pain can be devastating and even control you life but it doesn't have to be that way!!!!!!
STOP YOUR SUFFERING ------------ORDER YOUR PAIN-X-2000 TODAY !!!!!!!!!
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Polychromatic Infrared Diode TherapySome alternative medicine proponents believe that particular colors of light, applied to the body surface at particular areas can relieve particular ailments. PAIN-X-2000 uses LEDs to emit light of a narrow band of frequencies. LEDs are provided with different wavelengths or color characteristics.
 PAIN-X-2000 is THE NEW GENERATION OF THERAPY for humans and animals. Light therapy has already gained recognition in the Horse world for repairing equine injuries. PAIN-X-2000 is proud to bring this technology to the human world with FDA Approval for Human Infrared Therapy. Approval, that no laser or laser company can claim!
Hipprocrates' healing philosophy has begun to re-influence the medical fields. Hipporcrates is quoted as follows: "First Do No Harm" and "Honor the Healing Power of Nature".
Light therapy has been shown in over 40 years of independent research worldwide to deliver powerful therapeutic benefits to living tissues and organisms. Both visible and infrared light have been shown to effect at least 24 different positive changes at a cellular level. Visible light penetrates tissue to a depth of about 8-10 mm. It is very beneficial in treating problems close to the surface such as wounds, cuts, scars, trigger and acupuncture points and is particularly effective in treating infections. Infrared light (904nm) penetrates to a depth of about 30-40mm which makes it more effective for bones, joints, deep muscle, etc.
Depth of penetration is defined as the depth at which 60% of the light is absorbed by the tissue, while 40% of the light will continue to be absorbed in a manner that is less fully understood. Treating points with light can have a dramatic effect on remote and internal areas of the body through the stimulation of nerves, acupuncture and trigger points that perform function not unlike transmission cables.
The technology is now becoming accepted and widely used in human medicine as well. Light therapy stimulates the natural healing power in the cells of the body. This tool uses the energy of light, called photon energy, to stimulate the activity of certain cell components. By using photo energy, you have a simple, effective, non-pharmacological medical alternative. Conservative management of acute and chronic injuries and post-operative wounds have come to include the use of photo energy because it is quickly effective, cost effective, and easy to administer.
Light is energy that moves in a wave pattern. Light is also characterized by its wavelength in the electromagnetic spectrum. PAIN-X-2000 also used red, orange, yellow, green, and blue which lie in the visible spectrum. These therapeutic colors of photo energy lie between the infrared and ultraviolet wavelengths. This combination of infrared and visible light wavelengths are believed therapeutic. There are components in the tissue and blood that absorbs theses wavelengths and activate normal cell activity that may have been disrupted by injury or sickness. The reason for this increased cell activity is the photon. The photon is the energy portion of the light wave. For this reason we often refer to this therapy as PHOTON THERAPY.
(see picture #1 Wavelength Spectrum)
The different types of tissue and cell types in the body all have their own particular light absorption values and characteristics. These tissue and cells will only absorb light at specific wavelengths. This is one of the reasons that PAIN-X-2000 used the Patented Polychromatic Process. Although both visible and infrared wavelengths penetrate the tissue to different depths and affects the tissues differently, their therapeutic effects are similar.
Red wavelengths are absorbed by the skin, muscles, tissues, and bone as well as working at the physical cellular level. The green diodes are believed to be absorbed by the Bio-Electromagnetic Energy Field which surrounds the body. Green helps balance this field and relieve stress. Green is also considered a master color an is useful as an anti-inflammatory as well as in painful joints and allergies. Orange lights are a rejuvenating color. It is warn, stimulating and energized. It boosts energy in the lungs and stomach. It is believed to also help muscle cramps and allergies. The yellow lights are believed to be a great stimulant for the sensory and motor nervous system as well as toning muscles. It is also great for arthritis and the lymphatic system. The Blue lights are believed to be a contractor and restrictor. It is great for any application where ice would be used. It is also treatment for claming and relaxing the horse.
PAIN-X-2000 used LEDs because the laser actually delivers substantially less energy per unit of time because of the duty cycle of the LED. The LED's duty cycle is 2.5 million times longer than a laser of comparable wavelength. Lasers are also expensive to produce. Lasers also only use red or infrared light as were PAIN-X-2000 uses multiple colors of light for a more versatile product.
Because lasers were used in early research, we see names such as low level laser infrared laser, HeNe Laser, cold laser, low level light laser, and low power laser where ever we read about photon therapy. The term laser therapy is not all together appropriate for the photon therapy used today. Remember what is important is the type of energy produced which creates the biological effect. Bear in mind it is the interaction of light photons and molecules within the cell that creates cellular activity.
Most lasers produce a brilliant visible red light. The can be large and expensive. Most popular tools available today do not require this type of brilliant light emitting equipment, but use semi-conductor diodes. These light-emitting diodes are les expensive and tiny, by comparison. They are also extremely safe.
PAIN-X-2000 used non-coherent light which is produced by the LEDs. Many proponents of lasers say that light must be coherent. While this may be a controversial question to some, remember living tissue has its own coherency factor. This coherency factor is much higher than that of the light therapy. We believe this cancels the coherency factor of the incoming light. This light then becomes scattered, If the coherency is lost when it passes through the first layer of tissue, then the distinctive tissue such as the nerves, muscles, blood, and or connective tissues absorb light which are non-coherent. Basically the tissue at this point does not know if the light was emitted from a coherent or incoherent source. To quote David Olszewski from the book Light Years Ahead  "LED's are increasingly replacing cold lasers, as they demonstrate comparable effectiveness without the laser's side effects. There is concern with the use of even soft lasers in terms of potential harm around negative side effects. They can be harmful if overused or if they come in contact with the eyes." He also is stated as follows, "LEDs give a larger light dispersion beam and allow a greater margin of error in locating and activating the acupuncture point". (page 281)
Light therapy has also been given the name "phototherapy". A study done by the Mayo Clinic 1989 suggests that the results of light therapy are a direct effect of light itself, generated at specific wavelengths, and are not necessarily a function of the characteristics of coherency and polarization associated with lasers. In a study entitled Low-Energy Laser Therapy: Controversies and New Research Findings by Jeffrey R. Basford, M.D. of the Mayo Clinic's Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, suggests that the coherent aspect of laser may not be the source of its therapeutic effect. He states "firstly, the stimulating effects (from therapeutic light) are reported following irradiation with non-laser sources and secondly, tissue scattering as well as fiber optic delivery systems used in many experiments rapidly degraded coherency........ Thus any effects produced by low-energy lasers may be due to the effects of light in general and not to the unique properties of lasers. This view is not difficult to accept when it is remembered that wave-length dependent photobiochemical reactions occur through nature and are involved in such things as vision, photosynthesis, tanning and Vitamin D metabolism. In this view, laser therapy is really a form of light therapy, and lasers are important in that they are convenient sources of intense light at wavelengths that stimulate specific physiological function (Laser in Surgery an Medicine 9:1-5, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MI 1989)
LED's and Lasers are no more than convenient devices for producing electromagnetic radiation at specific wavelengths, and in addition to the one already cited, several other studies establish that it is the light itself at specific wavelengths that is therapeutic in nature and not the machine which produces it. For example, Kendrick C. Smith at the Department of Radiation Oncology Stanford University School of Medicine, concludes in an article entitled The Photobiological Effect of Low Level Laser Radiation Therapy (Laser Therapy, Vol3, No 1 Jan-Mar 1991)that #1 Lasers are just convenient machines that produce radiation. #2 It is the radiation that produces the Photobiological and/or Photophyscial effects and therapeutic gains, not the machines. #3 Radiation must be absorbed to produce a chemical or physical change, which results in a biological response.
Lasers are of two principal types, "hot" and "cold", and they are distinguished by the amount of peak power they deliver. "Hot" lasers deliver power up to thousands of watts. The are used in surgery because they can make an incision that is very clean with little or no bleeding and because the laser cauterizes the incision as it cuts. They are also used in surgery that requires the removal of unhealthy tissue without damaging the healthy tissue that surrounds it. "Cold" lasers produce a lower average power of 100 milliwatt or less. This is the type of laser that is used for therapeutic purposes an it is typically, although not always, pulsed. The light is actually on for only a fraction of a second because it is pulsed (turned on and off) at so many pulsed per second. Pulsation results in a average power output that is very low compared to the maximum or peak output. Hence, most therapeutic lasers produce a high peak but low average power output. Therapeutic laser light is generally either visible (red, in most cases) or invisible (infrared). However, most therapeutic lasers operate at 904nm which is an infrared light.
The equation between the machine and the biological response is a common error often made by those who wish to promote the commercial interest of low-energy laser technology. Light radiation must be absorbed to produce a biological response. All biological systems have a unique absorption spectrum which determines what wavelength of light will be absorbed to produce a given therapeutic effect. The red and infrared portions of the spectrum have been shown to have highly absorbent and unique therapeutic effects in living tissue.
LED's have undergone a major growth spurt in recent years. The first LED units available for purchase were in the equine industry and used 8mW peak power per diode, today PAIN-X-2000 used 150mW peak power per diode LEDs. When determining which unit to buy, consider the total power output. This will greatly influence the treatment times. A therapeutic device must be powerful enough to deliver adequate energy to the tissues, PAIN-X-2000 provides this power at an affordable cost.
PAIN-X-2000 multi-diode heads make treatment of wounds easy and efficient. By holding PAIN-X-2000 as close as possible, you know the photon energy is in contact with the area needed to be treated. Because the power density decreases with increasing distance between the diode and treatment area when using PAIN-X-2000, always maintain contact with the skin surface when possible.
The most common sports medicine used for PAIN-X-2000 polychromatic therapy are in treating myofascial pain, joint pain, bruising, tendon problems, fractures, muscle problems, edema, and wounds. PAIN-X-2000's polychromatic therapy is mot convincing when used to treat wounds that either have failed to heal or are getting worse. We have seen wound infections resolve quickly. We have seen wounds close without a multiplication of proud flesh. It can even have an anti-bacterial effect because it can enhance the patient's immune system thereby fighting infection. Because of the production of collagen which is induced by the PAIN-X-2000, we have seen an increase tensile strength and elasticity in scar tissue. This allows the scare tissue to withstand movement without breaking down over time. We have seem it quickly heal bruised tissue.
(see photo Bruises, Infrared Thermograph, Fever Blisters, Diabetic Amputation Ulcer)
Polychromatic infrared diode energy quickly reduces pain and tissue swelling, but time is still needed for cell repair to be complete and for tissue growth to take place. The strength that comes from growth of the repair allows the injury to withstand the stress of athletics.
At this time, research has shown no side effects from this form of therapy. Occasionally, one may experience an increase in pain and discomfort for a short period of time after treating chronic conditions. This occurs as the body reestablishes new equilibrium points following treatment. It is a phenomenon know as a "healing crisis", this may occur as part of the normal. process of recovery in a select few. Now with the increase of energy in the area, the body has to wake up and recognize the problem that it has learned to ignore. Therefore the increase in pain or discomfort is just the body acknowledging an old problem. With just a few treatments, patients start noticing an improvement in this area.
Dosage of polychromatic infrared diode therapy is determined by the power available from the unit and duration of treatment. The effects of polychromatic therapy are cumulative. Repeated doses of the appropriate amount give beneficial results over a wide range of conditions. Please refer to the Joules of Energy Chart included in your owners manual.
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The following are definitions of commonly used terms used in connection with the use of light therapy devices. 
  1. Visible Light: light that is within the visible spectrum, 400nm (violet) to 700nm (red)
    2. Infrared Light: light in the invisible spectrum below red, from 700nm to 2,000nm
    3. Polychromatic: lights that are more than one color or wavelength of light
    4. Monochromatic: light that is of one color, or one wavelength
    5. Nanometer(nm): a unit of measure of wavelength of light (one billionth of a meter)
    6. Nanosecond: one billionth of a second
    7. Joule (J): unit used to measure the energy delivered
    8. Watts:(w) and Milliwatt (nw): units used to measure the power capability. Milliwat is 1/1000th of a watt.
    9. Peak power output: the maximum output of power, measured in milliwatts and watts
    10. Average power: amount of power actually delivered in a given time
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Why Do We Use Different Wavelengths / Colors
The different wavelengths have shown different result in studies. This is why we have combined several basic wavelengths in our units. By combining these it give you a very beneficial tool in the treatment of all types of injuries and problems. We use LED's which are non-coherent, because they are cheaper than Laser Diodes and more effective.
Laser's can be very dangerous when not used properly or by properly trained people. The PAIN-X-2000 is completely safe to use. So safe in fact the FDA has given the PAIN-X-2000 clearance for human infrared therapy. Some laser's claim that for deep muscular/skeletal problems you need at least 100mW. The PAIN-X-2000 provides well over this amount.
Because of the green lights and the frequencies of the red and infrared lights, and in some models also orange and yellow, when you place it on a sore spot, you or your animal may feel a sort of tingling sensation just as you leg waking up from being asleep. The blood flow is actually increasing On the horse, just start at the base of the neck just behind the ears and work you way down the horse. The treatment time on an individual spot is about 5-15 seconds, depending on the model. Once a reaction is observed, it is time to move to another spot. Even if your horse doesn't show any reaction he is getting a relaxing "Light Massage".
The red and infrared diodes are absorbed by the skin, muscles, tissues, bone as well as working at the physical cellular level. The green diodes are absorbed by the Bio-Electro-Magnetic Energy Field (E-Field) which surrounds the body. It is here that the stress and strain build up and develop into "weak spots". If these spots are not eliminated from the E-Field, eventually under hard work or performance pressure they can become problem areas. Green is also considered a master color and has reported usefulness as an anti-inflammatory as well as in painful joints and with allergies. The orange light is considered a rejuvenating color. It can help with muscle cramps and boosts energy in the lungs and stomach.
The yellow lights can be a great stimulant for the sensory and motor nervous system as well as toning muscles. It helps to raise low energy states. It had been reported to help with arthritis and the lymphatic system.
Blue light are believed to be a contractor and restrictor. It has reportedly helped with burns, headaches, fever, etc. as well as providing a calming and relaxing effect. The blue light are available in the switchable model. 
There are many other colors that are used in color therapy, however, we feel at this time the combination we have developed are appropriate for general use.
The "warm colors" are of positive polarity and the "cool" colors are of the negative polarity.
Please be reminded that PAIN-X-2000 has FDA Approval for Human Infrared Therapy for minor muscular aches and pains. All other information provided is for your information purposes only. The PAIN-X-2000 is not intended to diagnose, cure or prevent any disease.
Our units use continuous wave diodes. We have found that these provide us with outstanding results.
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What Does Light Therapy Actually Do?
Light Therapy Can:
    1. Increase Vascularity:(circulation) by increasing the formation of new capillaries, which are additional blood vessels that replace damaged ones. New capillaries speed up the healing process by carrying more oxygen as well as more nutrients needed for healing and they can also carry more waste products away.
    2. Stimulate the Production of Collagen: Collagen is the most common protein found in the body. Collagen is the essential protein used to repair damaged tissue and to replace old tissue. It is the substance that holds cells together and has a high degree of elasticity. By increasing collagen production less scar tissue is formed at the damaged site.
    3. Increase Lymphatic System Activity: Edema, which is the swelling or natural splinting process of the body, has two basic components. The first is a liquid part which can be evacuated by the blood system and the second is comprised of the proteins which have to be evacuated by the lymphatic system. Research has shown that the lymph vessel diameter and the flow of the lymph system can be doubled with the use of light therapy. The venous diameter and the arterial diameters can also be increased. This means that both parts of edema (liquid and protein) can be evacuated at a much faster rate to relieves swelling.
    4. Stimulate the Release of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP):ATP is the major carrier of energy to all cells. Increases in ATP allows cells to accept nutrients faster and get rid of waste products faster by increasing the energy level in the cell. All food turns into ATP before it is utilized by the cells. ATP provides the chemical energy that drives the chemical reaction of the cell.
    5. Increase RNA and DNA Synthesis: This helps damaged cells to be replaced more promptly.
    6. Reduce the Excitability of Nervous Tissue: The photons of light energy enter the body as negative ions. This calls upon the body to send positive ions like calcium among other to go to the area being treated. These ions assist in firing the nerves thereby relieving pain.
    7. Stimulate Fibroblastic Activity: This aids in the repair process. Fibroblasts are present in connective tissue and are capable of forming collagen fibers.
8. Increase Phagocytosis: Which is the process of scavenging for and ingesting dead or degenerated cells by phagocytes cells for the purpose of cleaning up. This is an important part of the infection fighting process. Destruction of the infection and clean up must occur before the healing process can take place.
    9. Induce Thermal Like Effect in the Tissue: The light raises the temperature of the cells through a Photo-Chemical reaction.
    10. Stimulate Tissue Granulation and Connective Tissue Projections: Which are part of the healing process of wounds, ulcers or inflamed tissue.
    11. Stimulate Acetylcholine Release: Acetylcholine causes cardiac inhibition, vasodilatation, gastrointestinal peristalsis and other parasympathetic effects.     
    12. Stimulation of Endorphins and Enkephalins:  Which are produced in the brain as well as chemicals from other areas of the body like adrenals which facilitate long term pain relief.
    13. Activation of Acupuncture Points:
    14. Relaxation of Muscles:
    15. Helps Relieve Arthritis symptoms:
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What is the Difference Between PAIN-X-2000 and Laser Products?
Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) are another form of light therapy that is a relatively recent development of the laser industry. LED's are similar to lasers inasmuch as they have the same healing effects but differ in the way that the light energy is delivered. A significant difference between lasers and LEDs is the power output. The peak power output of LEDs is measured in milliwatts, while that of lasers is measured in watts. However, this difference when considered alone is misleading, since the most critical factor that determines the amount of energy delivered is the duty cycle of the device.
LED dev ices usually have a 50% duty cycle. That is, the LED pulse is "on" for 0.5 seconds and "off" for 0.5 seconds versus the 200/1,000,000,000(200 billionths) of a second burst from laser at 1 cycle per second (1 hertz). Moreover, LED is "on" 50% of the time and "off" 50% of the time regardless of what frequency setting (pulses per second) is used. On the contrary, the laser is "on for 0.000000000005 of a second and "off" for 0.9999999999995 of a second. In short, the LED diodes emit more than 33% more energy than a comparable laser diode because of the substantially longer duty cycle, even though the peak output is less.
In the majority of lasers on the market, the energy output varies with the frequency setting: the lower the frequency, the lower the output. In the PAIN-X-2000 system the contrary the output is constant regardless of frequency. Even in the case of lasers that claim a peak output of 10 watts, because of the very short duty cycle, the average output at the highest frequencies is the order of about 10milliwatts. At the lower frequencies, however, the average output plummets into the range of microwatts (1 microwatt = 1000th of 1 watt).
LEDs do not deliver enough power to damage the tissue, but they do deliver enough energy to stimulate a response from the body to heal itself. With a low peak power output but high duty cycle, the LEDs provide a much gentler delivery of the same healing wavelengths of light as does the laser but at a substantially greater energy output. For this reason, LEDs do not have the same risk of accidental eye damage that lasers do.
Moreover, LEDs are neither coherent no collimated and they generate a broader band of wavelengths than does the single - wavelength. Non-Collimation and the wide-angle diffusion of the LED confers upon it a greater ease of application, since light emissions are thereby able to penetrate a broader surface area. The multiplicity of a wavelengths in the LED, contrary to the single-wavelength laser, may enable it to affect a broader range of tissue types and produce a wider range of photochemical reactions in the tissue
If LEDs disperses over a greater surface area, this results in a faster treatment time for a given area than laser. The primary reason that PAIN-X-2000 chose the LEDs over laser is that LEDs are safer, more cost effective, provide a gentle but effective delivery of light and a greater energy output per unit of surface area in a given time duration. They offer in combinations of visible red light at 660nm and infrared light at from 830nm to 930nm, with 880nm as their average, thereby stimulating a broader range of tissue types.
Probably the most important item as of this date there are no lasers approved for human use except surgical lasers. The PAIN-X-2000 is FDA approved for human infrared therapy. So if you see a laser product advertise that it is FDA approved this only means it has been approved to bring into the country to be used as a laser pointer, gun site, or surgical laser.
Conclusion: Why Pay More for Less
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Commonly Asked Questions And Answers About PAIN-X-2000™
Q. What is PAIN-X-2000?
A. PAIN-X-2000 used Polychromatic Infrared Diode Therapy and Low Level Light Therapy. It has been found that certain wavelengths of light at modest intensities have a profound effect on cell function. A way of producing these wavelengths is either by laser or by diodes. We have chosen to use diodes because of expense and safety to the customer.  
Q. What does Polychromatic Infrared Diode Therapy and LLLT actually do to relieve pain and inflammation?
A. In simple terms a tiny amount of singlet oxygen is produced as a result of the absorption of the light within the cell This causes a formation of proton gradients across the cell membrane and across the membrane of the mitochondria. This changes the cell membrane permeability to various ions, it also causes changes in mitochondrial membrane permeability leading to increased cellular ATP levels. DNA production is then seen. There are then observed physiological changes such as increased endothelial cell proliferation, increased fibroblast proliferation, etc. 
Q. Is there research information available to support Polychromatic Infrared Diode Therapy and LLLT?
A. There are many reference out there, however, we have found a couple of books that really explain it. Please see the Reference Page of this document for that listing.
Q. Can Infrared Therapy be harmful?
A. A study has been completed in the UK where cells were irradiated for 30 days at 100 times the normal rate with no damage to the cell.
Q. What are the recommended treatment times?
A. The average time seems to be around 20 seconds to 60 seconds depending on the device being used and the area the device is being used on.******************************************************************
EQUINE DIVISION & PAIN-X-2000™
We at PAIN-X-2000 want you to experience you horse's full potential and wish to help you in that journey. The following pages are for your information in hopes to stimulate you interest in understanding just what it takes to help your horse reach his full potential. We want to share with you information that we have gathered from numerous sources. This information is not intended, however, to replace treatment, advice, or diagnosis by a veterinarian or other qualified horse professionals. You should always consult your veterinarian for specific diagnosis and treatment. PAIN-X-2000 is designed to be an adjunctive therapy for your horse. We hope this information helps expand you horizons.
We have used the methods described in this pamphlet with great success. We do not claim cure, but we did see significant , lasting improvements in the conditions of horses we treated. PAIN-X-2000 us a bib-invasive, drug free therapy that is tailored to the needs of the horse. PAIN-X-2000 is designed to help the ill to injured horse as well as maintaining their health or preventing injury. As diverse as our horses are, so are their problems. While PAIN-X-2000 is not a comprehensive treatment or a cure all, we believe it can and will help your horse reach his full potential. If you will work in partnership with your veterinarian, you will find that PAIN-X-2000 adds an important element to your horse's health and performance routine.
We believe you as a horse owner should know your horse. By this we mean learn to touch your horse and know his responses to your touch. Your hands should be tools of communication, to listen and to speak, to sense temperature changes, to stretch muscles and limbs, and awaken them to unknown possibilities. Learn to see with your hands not your eyes. Your horse will also learn new awareness' to their bodies, a full mobility, and a sense of well-being. Horses' know our intensions and will rarely refuse help from us unless a memory is just to painful. We need to honor his senses, his needs, his instincts, and his individuality. If we just reduce him to a machine or an insane, un-mountable runaway, we have not taken a step back and tried to look into the horse. Instead many times we are just looking at him. Learn to ask yourself, is there a physical reason why my horse is acting the way he is? It is an investment of time and effort that will be rewarding for you and your horse. As Pamela Hanney days, "Horses have so much to say to those who "listen". We hope you will learn to understand the physical communication that your horse is telling us. We feel that when you find a "ticklish" horse, "girthy" horse, "head shy" horse, etc. you need to consider what they are trying to tell us. Sometimes this is the only way they can tell us what is going on. We need to learn to see, to hear and comprehend what they are saying.
Your hands and fingertips are filled with nerves that assist our sense to touch and feel. Learning to feel energy is actually very simple. You must learn to relax, focus and tune your awareness to the sensations that are there. Time and practice will increase your awareness of what you are feeling. There are many terms to explain what you are feeing, a tingling, like tiny sparks, vibrations, pulsations, etc. When touching the horse notice his/her reaction to various points and parts of their body. For example, drawing in of the flanks, backing of the ears, wrinkling of the nose, swishing tail, biting, muscle pulsations and vibrations, rapid increase in respiration, etc.
Chinese acupuncture and meridian principals are a complex study in themselves. You can take these principals and apply them using your PAIN-X-2000. This type of therapy is known as photopuncture. The following information is for you to become aware of some of acupuncture (photopuncture) points that your horses may respond to or you may find helpful in using PAIN-X-2000 on. These points can be predictably applied to recognize problems in you horses and thus, enable you to take early measures of detection and/or correction. Again we can not stress enough that PAIN-X-2000 is only an adjunctive therapy. Always consult your veterinarian. There are many books on the market that will help educate you more on acupuncture and their meridians if this is of interest to you. It is not our intent to fully educate anyone on the subject. We only want to share with you some of the points that we have found work well with the PAIN-X-2000. The time involved in leaving the lights on a spot will vary from 15 seconds to 2 minutes. Watch your horses reaction. Specific areas such as local points and acupuncture points, often become tender in response to pathogenic irritation of organs or body parts. Segmental, intersegmental, supraspinal, and autonomic reflexes mediate this response. Tenderness or increased sensitivity of these points may be found by firm palpation or by the response from the PAIN-X-2000 when applied to these points. Since these points are related via the nervous system, stimulation of these points by the PAIN-X-2000 can evoke a reflex therapeutic respond in the affected organ or part of the body. Response may be a quivering of the muscle, movement away from the PAIN-X-2000, retraction of the back, or sometimes when a point is very painful, even an attempt to bite or kick.
You can use you PAIN-X-2000 to locate these local and/or acupuncture points by running it over the horse, leaving it at least 15 seconds in the area indicated on the charts. If he reacts leave the light until the horse licks his lips, sighs, etc. The time involved will range from 30 seconds to 2 minutes. 
The PAIN-X-2000 is very simple to use. When you find an area of discomfort, simply place the lights near the area. The time required to leave it on a particular area is again related to what the horse tells you. General relaxation, lowering of the head, licking lips, yawning, muscle relaxation, defecation and urination are all signs that the energy is being balanced. 
When acupuncture points are stimulated by PAIN-X-2000 endorphins can be released. Endorphins are the body's pain reducing substance. Stimulation can also relieve muscle spasm, which is a primary cause of pain in arthritic conditions. Point stimulation can increase the blood supply to the ailing area, increasing the supply of nutrition and oxygen to the cells. Stimulation can release the body's natural cortisone which reduces swelling. Stimulating certain points can measurably increase antibody production. The use of PAIN-X-2000 can increase the immune system activity which can reduce infection and relieve low grade fevers. PAIN-X-2000 can also affect digestion, blood flow, the nervous system functions, hormone levels, and the function of the organs. A chronic problem may require three to four times as many sessions with the PAIN-X-2000 as an acute problem.
A further method of using your PAIN-X-2000 is by specific recommendation from your veterinarian.
Please note no conditions should be continuously treated longer than 21 days without a rest periods of one week. Thereafter, treat only every other week, with one week rest between. As with almost any type of treatment, the body tends to get accustomed to what is happening and begins to ignore the treatment. For this same reason, PAIN-X-2000 if often effective in treating old chronic conditions because it awakens the body to recognize a condition it has come to ignore. With any condition, it should be treated until it has healed.
When using the PAIN-X-2000 it is desirable to have it close to the skin as possible so the maximum amount of light penetrates the area under therapy. However, there are times when this could be harmful to the handler. If the horse is extremely sore, for example in the groin area, stand at a safe distance. Also there may be times when treating open wounds that this can be messy and unsanitary. When treating wounds consult your veterinarian and if he/she agrees leave the lights there until a clear serum appears. You can also work all around the area of the wound to help with blood flow. Placing clear kitchen wrap over the light will assist in keeping the diodes clean.
Please remember a horse is a very large animal and can react suddenly, be careful.
Remember that PAIN-X-2000 is an excellent complement and adjunctive therapy to veterinarian medicine. The two together will help you to reach a new level with your horse. PAIN-X-2000 does not assume any legal responsibility in the use of this information or the product.******************************************************
REFERENCES
Heather Mack, VMD, Mountain Home, ID
H. Mitchell, DVM, Bristow, OK
Ken Harshman, DVM Chinook, MT
David Batencourt, DC Guthrie, OK
The Photobiological Basis of Low Level Laser Radiation Therapy, Kendric C. Smith; Stanford University School of Medicine; Laser Therapy, Vol. 3, No. 1, Jan - Mar 1991
Low-Energy Laser Therapy: Controversies & Research Findings, Jeffrey R. Basford MD; Mayo Clinic; Lasers in Surgery and Medicine 9, pp. 1-5 (1989)
New Biological Phenomena Associated with Laser Radiation , M.I. Belkin & U. Schwartz; Tel-Aviv University; Health Physics, Vol. 56, No. 5, May 1989; pp. 687-690
Macrophage Responsiveness to Light Therapy, S Young PhD, P Bolton BSc, U Dyson PhD, W Harvey PhD, & C Diamantopoulos BSc; London: Lasers in Surgery and Medicine, 9; pp. 497-505 (1989)
Photobiology of Low-Power Laser Effects, Tina Karu PhD; Laser Technology Centre of Russia; Health Physics, Vol. 56, No. 5. May 89, pp. 691-704
A Review of Low Level Laser Therapy, S Kitchen MSCMCSP & C Partridge PhD; Centre for Physiotherapy Research, King's College London Physiotherapy, Vol. 77, No. 3, March 1991
Systemic Effects of Low-Power Laser Irradiation on the Peripherial & Central Nervous System, Cutaneous Wounds &
Burns, S Rochkind MD, M Rousso MD, M Nissan PhD, M Villarreal MD, L Barr-Nea PhD. & DG Rees PhD,
Lasers in Surgery and Medicine, 9; pp. 174-182 (1989)
Use of Laser Light to Treat Certain Lesions in Standardbreds, L.S McKibbin DVM, & D Paraschak BSc., MA; Mod
Veterinary Practice, March 1984, Sec. 3, p. 13
Low Level Laser Therapy: Current Clinical Practice In Northern Ireland, GD Baxter BSc, AJ Bet, MA,,JM AtienPhD, J Ravey PhD; Blamed Research Centre University Ulster Physiotherapy, Vol. 77, No. 3, March 1991
The Effects of Low Energy Laser on Soft Tissue in Veterinary Medicine, LS McKibbin & R Downie; The Acupuncture Institute, Ontario Canada; J. Wiley & Sons
A Study of the Effects or Lasering of Chronic Bowed Tendons, Wheatley, LS McKibbin DVM, and DM Paraschak Bsc MA; Lasers in Surg &Medicine, Vol. pp. 55-59 (1983) Scc 3
Lasers and Wound Healing, Albert J. Nemeth, MD; Laser and Dermatology Center, Clearwater FL, Dermatologic Clinics, Vol.. 11 #4, 1993
Low Level Laser Therapy: A Practical Introduction, T. Ohshiro & RG Caiderhead, Wiley and Sons
Low Reactive-Level Laser Therapy: A Practical Application, T. Ohshiro;Book:Wiley and Sons
Laser Biostimulation of Healing Wounds: Specific Effects and Mechanisms of Action, Chukuka S Enwemeka, PhD; Assistant Professor of Physical Therapy - U. of Texas, Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX; The Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, Vol. 9. No.10, 1988
Effect of Helium-Neon and Infrared Laser Irradiation on Wound Healing in Rabbits, B Braverman, PhD; R McCarthy. Pharmd, A Lyankovich, MD; D Forde, BS, M Overfield, BS and M Bapna, PhD; Rush- Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center; University of Illinois, Lasers in Surgery and Medicine 9:50-58 (1989)
Bone Fracture Consolidates Faster With Low-Power Laser, MA Trelles, MD and E Mayayo, MD, Barcelona, Spain; Lasers in Surgery & Med. 7:36-45 (1987)
Wound Management with Whirlpool and Infrared Cold Laser Treatment, P Gogia; B Hurt and T Zim; AMI-Park Plaza Hospital, Houston TX, Physical Therapy, Vol. 68, No. 8, August 1988
Effects of Low-Level Energy Lasers on the Healing of Full-Thickness Skin Defects, J Surinchak. MA; M Alago, BS,, R Bellamy, MD; B Stuck, MS and M Belkin, MD; Lettennan Army Institute of Research. Presido of San Fransico, CA; Lasers in Surgery & Medicine, 2:267-274 (1983)
Biostimulation of Wound Healing by Lasers: Experimental Approaches in Animal Models and in Fibroblast Cultures, RP Abergel, MD; R Lyons. MD; J Castel, MS, R Dwyer. MD and i Uitlo. MD, PhD; Harbor UCLA Medical Center. CA: J Dennatol. Surgery Oncol., 13:2 Feb. 1987
Effects of Low Energy Laser on Wound Healing In a Porcine Model, J Hunter, MD; L Leonard, MD; R Wilsom MD; G Snider, MD and J DLxon, MD; Department of Surgery, University of Utah Medical Center, Salt Lake City UT, Lasers in Surgery & Med. 3:285-290, 84
Effect of Laser Rays on Wound Healing, E Mester, MD; T Spiry, MD; B Szende. MD and J Tola; Semmelweis Medical Univ. Budapes, The American Journal of Surgery. Vol 122, Oct 1971
Low Level Laser Therapy in the United Kingdom, Kevin C Moore, MD; The Royal Oldham Hospital, Oldhant, UK
Effects of Skin-Contact Monochromatic Infrared Irradiation on Tendonitis, Capsulitis and Myofascial Pain, T.L Thomassoi DDS, 19th Annual Scientific Meeting, American Academy of Neurological & Orthopaedic Surgeons, Aug. 27-30, 1995 Facial Pain/TMJ Centre, Denver, CO
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